Definition and Examples of Paronyms

Why Do Old People Smell The Science of Odor as We Age

Old people smell is a real phenomenon. The chemical composition of odor-producing molecules changes as we age and there are other factors that affect how the elderly smell. Heres a look at some biological and behavioral reasons for changes in body odor as we get older—and tips for minimizing the smell (should you wish to). Key Takeaways Body odor naturally changes as people age but there are other factors that contribute to old people smell.Research indicates people generally dont perceive an elderly persons natural body odor to be unpleasant.Other factors can contribute to unpleasant body odor, including medication use, underlying illness, diet, and perfume use.Body odor can be minimized by increased bathing frequency and with the use of a deodorizing antiperspirant. Body Odor Changes as We Age There are several reasons why the retirement home smells different from the high school gym: Body chemistry changes over time. The characteristic scent associated with the elderly is the same, regardless of a persons ethnicity or culture. Scientists have figured out whats happening: As people age, fatty acid production in the skin increases while antioxidant production decreases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are oxidized, sometimes increasing the amount of a chemical called 2-nonenal. Nonenal is an unsaturated aldehyde known for its grassy, greasy scent. Some researchers did not detect 2-nonenal; however, they did find higher levels of the funky organics nonanal, dimethylsulfone, and benzothiazole in the body odor of older subjects.Illness and medications change a persons odor. Older people are more likely to take a prescription than younger people. Both the underlying medical condition and the drug can affect body odor. For example, taking garlic as a supplement is known to affect odor. Body odor is a side effect of bupropion hydrochloride (Wellbutrin); leuprolide acetate (L upron), used to limit hormone production; topiramate (Topamax), used to treat epilepsy and seizures; and omega-3-acid ethyl ester (Lovaza), used to reduce blood fat levels. Several drugs increase perspiration rate, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), antidepressants, and codeine sulfate. Medical conditions that affect body odor include diabetes, hyperthyroidism, liver disease, kidney disease, menopause, and schizophrenia.Older people may bathe and change their clothing less often. An elderly person may need help bathing, fear falling on a slick bathroom floor, or may experience pain getting into and out of a tub.The sense of smell, like other senses, declines with age. As a result, an older person may not self-identify an unpleasant smell or might apply excessive amounts of cologne or perfume.Dental hygiene significantly affects a persons odor. As we age, the mouth produces less saliva, reducing the best natural defense against bad breath. Periodontal (gum) dise ase is more common in older people, also contributing to halitosis (bad breath). Dentures and bridges can retain bacteria and fungi, leading to infections and a musty smell.Aging affects our ability to sense dehydration. As the pituitary gland sends weaker signals for thirst, older people tend to drink less water. Dehydration leads to stronger-smelling perspiration and urine and can cause the skin to develop an odor from increased shedding of dry cells.Older people tend to have older belongings, which means their possessions have had time to develop odors. If youre surrounded by old-smelling objects, you carry some of their aromas. Why Body Chemistry Changes There may be an evolutionary reason that odor to change as a person ages. According to  Johan Lundstrà ¶m, a sensory neuroscientist at the Monell Chemical Senses Center, humans use scent to find mates, identify kin, and avoid sick people.  Lundstrà ¶m and his team conducted a study that found people were able to identify the age of a person based solely on body odor. The experiment also found odors associated with old age (ages 75 to 95) were deemed less unpleasant than those from middle-age and young perspiration donors. The odor of old men was deemed best. The odor of older women (old lady smell) was judged to be less pleasant than that of younger women. A logical conclusion of this study would be that the scent of old men acts as a sort of nonverbal advertising for a mate proven to have genes with high survival potential. The scent of an older woman might mark her as past childbearing age. However, test subjects reacted neutrally to body odor from all age groups, so natural biochemical changes do not, of themselves, produce an unpleasant aroma. Getting Rid of Old Person Smell Keep in mind, the natural body odor of an older person is not considered objectionable! If an elderly person smells bad, its probably due to one of the other contributing factors. Increased attention to personal hygiene and upping water intake should be enough to address unpleasant odor in a healthy individual. However, if a persons smell is truly bad, theres likely an underlying medical cause. A trip to the doctor and dentist may be in order, along with a review of medications that may affect body odor. There are actually products marketed specifically to address old people smell. In Japan, the odor even has its own name: Kareishu. The cosmetic firm Shiseido Group has a perfume line intended to neutralize nonenal. Mirai Clinical offers soap and body wash containing persimmon extract, which contains tannins that naturally deodorize nonenal. Another way to combat nonenal and other odiferous aldehydes is to stop fatty acid oxidation by using a lotion that moisturizes the skin and replenishes antioxidants. Sources Gallagher, M.; Wysocki, C.J.; Leyden, J.J.; Spielman, A.I.; Sun, X.; Preti, G. (October 2008). Analyses of volatile organic compounds from human skin. British Journal of Dermatology. 159 (4): 780–791.Haze, S.; Gozu, Y.; Nakamura, S.; Kohno, Y.; Sawano, K.; Ohta, H.; Yamazaki, K. (2001). 2-Nonenal Newly Found in Human Body Odor Tends to Increase with Aging. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 116 (4): 520–4.  Mitro, Susanna; Gordon, Amy R.; Olsson, Mats J.; Lundstrà ¶m, Johan N. (30 May 2012). The Smell of Age: Perception and Discrimination of Body Odors of Different Ages. PLOS ONE. 7.

A Brief Look at Andy Warhol - 586 Words

Andy Warhol was, and continues to be one of the most popular artists of all time. The reason he was one of the most world-renowned artists was his â€Å"pop art† images, his Campbell’s Soup Can being one of his most remembered pieces. (Rosenberg, n.d) Andy was intrigued by the sudden rise in consumer culture and mass production, which led to consumerism in America being the centre focus of his art. (Tate Org, n.d) In this essay I will be discussing Andy’s journey to success, and how Warhol’s art represents consumerism in America. Andy Warhol (1928-1987), was born Andrew Warhola to Slovak immigrants. He was an artist from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who later in life, went on to move to New York city to pursue his career. (video reference) Some of Warhol’s’ early pop art images included the 210 Coke Bottles, 200 One Dollar Bills, Campbell’s Soup Cans, and Marilyn Monroe prints that were produced onto a large canvas using the repetitive technique of print making. This particular type of work that Warhol produced is something that had contributed to America’s sudden infatuation with consumerism. (Tate Org, n.d) The pop art movement was effective because people who lived everyday lives were able to relate to Andy’s artwork, as well as formulate their own opinions to what they think the ideas and reasoning behind Warhol’s artwork were (Kearney, 2012) What influenced Andy to create artwork that included film stars who were apart of popular culture, was the interest he took in film starsShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography Of Research On Andy Warhol2354 Words   |  10 Pagesabout Andy Warhol Hereunder is a list of resources broken categorically into three sections: books, video footage and interviews. All of which I will be using in further development of my research paper on Andy Warhol (a.k.a. Andrew Warhola). Following each citation I have written a brief summary pertaining to that particular material and why I chose to use it for my research paper. Although he was not a painter and could not paint very well, according to his own understanding,  ¹ Andy WarholRead MoreThe Exhibition Experience Using Falk And Dierking s Interactive Experience Model1284 Words   |  6 Pages People gather halfway through the Andy Warhol exhibition, at The Portland Art Museum, in front of a looping short film of Warhol eating a burger ending with â€Å"I’m Andy Warhol and I just finished eating a burger† (, n.d.). The exhibition, provided by the Jordan Schnitzer family, is the largest collection of Warhol’s work to ever be on display (Portland Art Museum, n.d.). I will be evaluating the Warhol exhibition experience using Falk and Dierking’s Interactive Experience Model (IEM). IEM entailsRead MoreThe Youngest African American Artist Kara892 Words   |  4 PagesBelow is a brief biography of one of the youngest African American artist Kara Elizabeth Walker. Walker was born in November 26, 1969 in Stockton, California, US. Currently, she lives in New York, NY. Walker’s dad Larry Walker is an art professor and her mother Gwen Walker is a clothing designer. In 1996, Walker married Klaus Burgel, who is a jewelry designer and they both gave a birth to a daughter name Octavia. Walker has been educated at Atlanta College of Art, BA, 1991 and Rhode Island schoolRead More Andy Warhols Impact on Art Essay3154 Words   |  13 Pages Andy Warhols Impact on Art Andrew Warhola was born August Sixth, 1928, in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. He was the youngest son of Julie and Andrej Warhola, both immigrants from Czechoslovakia. After a quiet childhood spent alternately alone and in art classes, Andrew went to college. He then got a job doing commercial art, largely advertisements for large companies. Over time his name was shortened and Andy Warhol changed the face of modern art. Through his silver lined Factory and the manyRead MoreDo A Work Of Fine Art?1157 Words   |  5 Pages Think of a work of fine art. What came to mind? Was it a painting by Van Gogh, or Andy Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup Cans, a current pop song, or a symphony by Beethoven, a piece of literature authored by Emily Brontà «, or one by the Kardashians? Due to its objectivity, art is all encompassing: It can be anything created, written, performed, or photographed within which someone finds beauty. Conversely, fine art is exclusive and elite as evidenced by i ts’ name and the distinction between itself andRead MoreKeith Haring: Communicating Through Cartoons Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesAs children we find entertainment in cartoons. Such simple shapes and figures provide hours of amusement watching them do trivial tasks like drive cars and go to work. What if they represented more than just a Sunday morning or brief entertainment? What was Disney really trying to say? For artists like Keith Haring, cartoons become his way of communicating with people about what he thought was important and needed to be heard. Haring used cartoon figures in a powerful way within his work. KeithRead More Changes in Art History with Emphasis on the Mid-Twentieth Century3760 Words   |  16 Pagesother movements. Therefore, because of the amount of independent and integrated pieces of movements and styles, a lot can be missed in a short paper. The amount that happened in these twenty-five years is enough to fill volumes, and so, this is just a brief scraping off the top of what during these times—the most tumultuous times in American History. INTRODUCTION: The 1940’s through the 1960’s were not only some of the most socially and politically volatile times in American History, but were theRead MoreExamining The Notion Of The Found Image On The Work Of John Stezaker1795 Words   |  8 Pagesfound image in the work of John Stezaker. What particular temporal qualities do you think the found image adds to these works? Photography has always been a way of documenting time, a memory sealed into an image and held there forever. This is a brief documentation of a place or a person capsuled in time, with the history and the memory intertwined with the image. However, as the photographs age and the decades pass, the images stay the same but the memory fades away along with the audience of thatRead More Lucian Freud Essay2816 Words   |  12 Pagessymbolism. Freuds answer is revealing of his greatest strength as a figure painter: The idea of a story doesnt bother me because everythings a story. But the idea of symbolism: I hate mystification. He contrasted his views with those of Andy Warhol, who said of his own work that, They are exactly as they seem; there is nothing behind them. I want there to be everything behind mine, says Freud. His awareness that every subject has a story, that it is part of some sort of externalRead MoreSocial Legal and Economic Impact of Ebusiness in Ireland13799 Words   |  56 PageseBusiness – Negatives 33 Middle Man Redundant 33 Consumer Price Discrimination 34 Targeted Advertising to Consumers 35 Bibliography - Social 37 Bibliography - Legal 39 Bibliography - Economic 40 General Introduction This assignment firstly gives a brief overview of the history of the internet and how it provided the platform for the rapid development of eBusiness once the core applications were in place to enable it. Additionally, the assignment covers the Social, Legal and Economic Impact of eBusiness

Theories of Cognitive Development an Insight to the...

Theories of Cognitive Development: An insight to the theories of Piaget, Information-processing and Vygotsky How do we learn? How do we grow? Over the years, psychologists have studied to great lengths the processes that humans go through as they progress from infancy to adulthood. Several theories have emerged over time with three prominent ones. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky produced two important and distinct theories. Another important theory, the information-processing theory, presents a completely different point of view. Each theory has is differences from the other and gives insight into the developing human mind. Jean Piaget believed that all children are curious and act as scientists in their never-ending quest to build†¦show more content†¦This mental hardware is the â€Å"wiring† of the brain. It is the structure and pathways built in that allow the brain to function. The software is in reference to â€Å"programs† that allow people to perform specific tasks. Supporters of this theory believe that children’s mental software continues to gro w and develop thorough life, becoming more complex. Part of the Information Processing Theory is attention, which is a process that determines what sensory information receives extra cognitive processing. Over time, children learn to focus attention between orienting responses, which grab the attention, and tasks at hand. As development continues, attention span is developed and children become able to focus their attention on things for longer periods of time. Learning is another important part of the Information-processing. Learning occurs through the process classical conditioning, among others. In classical conditioning, one response is elicited be providing a stimulus that is produced by another stimulus. The ever-popular example would be Pavlov’s dog. In this experiment, dogs were trained to recognize that food, which caused salivation, would be given to them after a bell was rung. Eventually the dogs learned that the bell meant food was coming and began to salivate upon hearing the bell. â€Å"Young babies remember events forShow MoreRelatedEssay Kermit and Cognition1476 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity Online Abstract Cognitive Information Processing (CIP), Cognitive Development and Interactional Development are theories of learning based upon the idea that learning is an internal process rather than merely something that can be observed like behaviorism. Here I examine the three theories as they relate to a scenario of a young man attempting to learn to play a keyboard. The objective is to show the similarities and differences in the three theories and how each can be applied toRead More Cognitive Theories of Human Development Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive Theories of Human Development Jean Piaget, known as the most important theorist; started the most comprehensive theory of intellectual development. Piaget was born in 1896, in Neuchatel Switzerland, and lived a full and significant life, he passed away at age 84. His father was a medieval historian, and his mother was a homemaker; she was highly emotional and her behavior disrupted the normalcy of their home. Piaget married Valentine Chatenay, and they soon welcomed three girls;Read MoreKermit and the Keyboard969 Words   |  4 Pagesstory three cognitive theories can be recognized, analyzed and they are all believed to produce different learning outcomes. These three theories are the Cognitive Information-Processing Theory, The Piaget’s Theory of Development as it relates to learning and lastly, The Interactional Theories of Cognitive Development. Each one of these theories presents itself in the manner in which Kermit develops a strategy for learning how to play the keyboard. In the cognitive information-processing approach declarativeRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Experience At The Front Of The Entire Class2007 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferent theories used in the classroom and our cognitive development throughout school. Cognitive development is concerned with our ability to think, to reason, and to understand and remember (Duchesne, 2012 pg. 56). Vygotsky established a profound theory that I recognize to link into my own experiences during school. Though to begin with the example presented at the start I believe the more appropriate theory to discuss is the information processing theory in conjunction with Piaget’s theory. AnotherRead MoreCognitive Learning Theorys Impact on Curriculu,1998 Words   |  8 PagesLearning Theory Paper Curr 558/Foundations of Curriculum and Instruction University of Phoenix Dr. Ginger Lewis Jacobs April 4, 2008 Cognitive Learning Theory Introduction Cognitivism focuses on an unobservable change in mental knowledge. Cognitivism came about as a rejection of the behaviorist views. Psychologists believed that mental events, or cognitivism, could no longer be ignored. According to Blanton (2007), there are many general assumptions of cognitive learning theories such asRead More The Constraints on Adolescent Learning Essay3088 Words   |  13 Pagesskills and intellectual development are only some of the key factors that effect how pupils learn and achieve differently to one another. Every child responds individually to their specific needs and environment, and the extent of that achievement can be often be linked with external factors as pupils are naturally influenced by a variety of different constraints. These factors that are not concrete and will change and alter throughout an adolescent’s development, as Piaget (Piaget 1970) believed theRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology14082 Words   |  57 PagesPOINT OF VIEW ON THE BASIC ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT. DETERMINE, DISCUSS AND EVALUATE THE POINT OF VIEW OF VYGOTSKY’S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY AND THE INFORMATION PROCESSING APPROACH WITH REGARD TO THE ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS) * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT: ONE OR MANY * FACTORS THAT DETERMINE DEVELOPMENT (NATURE/NURTURE) Introduction Child development has many theories with different ideas about what children are likeRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology14091 Words   |  57 PagesOF VIEW ON THE BASIC ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT. DETERMINE, DISCUSS AND EVALUATE THE POINT OF VIEW OF VYGOTSKY’S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY AND THE INFORMATION PROCESSING APPROACH WITH REGARD TO THE ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS) * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT: ONE OR MANY * FACTORS THAT DETERMINE DEVELOPMENT (NATURE/NURTURE) Introduction Child development has many theories with different ideas about what children areRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 Pages02-EdPsy-Chap02-6123 8/22/06 2 3:33 PM Page 32 Physical and Cognitive Development Preview Examining the shape of children’s development allows us to understand it better. Every childhood is distinct, and is the first chapter in a new biography. This chapter is about children’s physical and cognitive development. These are some of the questions we will explore: †¢ Do children develop in distinct stages, or is their development smoother and more continuous? †¢ How do children develop physicallyRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : The Early Years Learning Framework1982 Words   |  8 Pageschildhood sector. This essay attempts to define and interconnect these terms to produce a holistic understanding of how play can be used as a medium to help children learn. Research has proven that the debate of â€Å"nature vs nurture† is obsolete, with development being the product of both a unique genetic endowment as well as the influence of the environment (Shonkoff, 2003), and that the first five years of a child are crucial to learning and behaviour modification (Blakemore Frith, 2008). It is therefore

Trial Of Void Aafter IDC Removal Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Trial Of Void Aafter IDC Removal. Answer: Nursing care for patient during a trial-of-void after IDC removal, which are The patient to know the procedure of catheterisation and removal The nurse must educate the patient on what to expect during the process Require recording of the volume of the urine in the urine bag on the fluid balance chart Patent education on intake of fluid in required amount (Street et al., 2015) Give full support to the patient to increase confidence Educate the patient report discomfort immediately Nurse must stop fluid intake in case of discomfort Inform patient that the first urine may be blood stained (Ostaszkiewicz et al., 2016) The nurse must explain the process of trial of void after the removal of IDC to the patients. The nurse Educate the patient on voiding urethrally using urinal or bed pan when having a desire to void and in case they become uncomfortable. Patent education is necessary to ensure the successful outcome. It will help them realise the importance of regular fluid intake. Supporting patient is necessary to reduce anxiety and increase the confidence to challenge the bladder. It is safe for the patient to learn that that the discomfort may occur to avoid panic and anxiety. Further nursing care involves Ensure that the patient maintains the fluid intake of 250 - /hour atleast when awake Educate the patient on voiding urethrally using urinal or bed pan when having a desire to Help patient in regular fluid intake to reduce the risk of disturbed sleep Frequent monitoring during the day for voided urine Nurse to ensure that the patents bladder capacity do not exceed 600mls (Widdall, 2015) It is necessary that nurse ensures the bladder is filled overnight at the time of sleeping. It will help in increasing the volume of the first void in the morning. It is necessary to keep patient alert and wake to help intake of adequate fluid and voiding activity. Adequate fluid intake (1.5-2L) will help in enough urine output. Considerations for nurses when a patient commences trial of void after removal of IDC Prior to removal of IDC the bladder must be empty Nurses need to measure the void volume Record the fluid volume each time of void on the fluid balance chart Reassessment or re-catheterisation required if the patient has not voided for 6-8 hours Require monitoring of the post void residual Prior to removal-Assessment (Lynch et al., 2016) Monitor and record the failure of trial of void Discuss the ongoing plan of care with the patient in an event of failure Note- The nurse must consider the discomfort of the patients and recatheterise if the patient has not voided for 6-8 hours and must be followed by reassessment. It is necessary to consider the post void residual on atleast three subsequent voids. The nurse must ensure that before the removal of catheter the bladder is completely drained. Prior to removal the assessment should indicate that IDC can be removed. These steps are required because the trial is carried to determine the patients ability to successfully empty the bladder and then remove the IDC. Patient safety cannot be maintained if the clinical procedure is not maintained. These considerations are required as it will be easy to monitor and manage the complications when the trial fails. Precaution at the time of the catheter removal includes the following: Nurse to ensure that the patient is not constipated prior to removal Collection of patient history before trial Assessment for patient symptoms such as nocturia, frequency and the functional bladder capacity To keep the option of urethral catheter reinserted in case of fail of trial (Daly et al., 2016) It is necessary to ensure that the patient is not constipated as it will lead to retention of urine. It may appear that the trail has failed. Patient history is required to know the usual urine time. It will help in having the correct time of the trial of void. Some older patients may have large diuresis overnight and some patients may have large urine volume during day. References Daly, O., Coffey, K., Liberatore, R., Mendoza, C., Comeadow, M., Pohatu, H., Dibella, V. (2016). Better postpartum bladder care through standardised documentation, screening voids, trial of void protocol and the use of automated bladder scanners.Australian New Zealand Continence Journal,22(4). Lynch, G., Bell, K., Long, D., Burmeister, L. (2016). Factors associated with the successful removal of indwelling urinary catheters post-operatively in the fragility hip fracture patient.International journal of orthopaedic and trauma nursing,23, 25-31. Ostaszkiewicz, J., Hutchinson, A., Cull, E. (2016). Cleaning, containing and concealing incontinence in residential aged care facilities: staff members' constructions of quality continence care.Australian New Zealand Continence Journal,22(4). Street, P., Thompson, J., Bailey, M. (2015). Management of urinary catheters following hip fracture.Australasian journal on ageing,34(4), 241-246. Widdall, D. A. (2015). Considerations for determining a bladder scan protocol.Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses Association,18(3), 22.

21st Century Management Skills free essay sample

Being a successful manager in the 21st century takes many skills that can be placed into three categories: Management Style, Communication, and Employee Relations. Historically, managers have mostly fallen into the Theory X type manager, meaning they pushed for production at any cost to the employee. The manager would assume that most people dislike work and avoid it whenever possible. People responded to punishment and negative reinforcement, and also that employees wanted to be directed and did not want the responsibility of making their own decisions. The 21st century manager will be much the opposite, seeing the employee as the number one asset. They see the employee as being driven and embracing responsibility, while being loyal to the company due to a positive reward system. Managers will stand back allowing for self-direction, and employee creativity and imagination to be tapped into. Next, communication is key to the success of any organization. We will write a custom essay sample on 21st Century Management Skills or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One important skill for a manager is being multicultural, and/or multilingual – being able to speak another language, and to understand and adapt to differing cultural cues. This allows for a diverse work environment with less culture shock and improved human relations. Information will flow equally up and down the organization; employees will be kept informed about the Key Operating Indicators of the company, such as Internal PPM Scrap, Efficiency, On Time Delivery, etc. Allowing for a visual representation of how the organization is doing, and making the employees feel more connected; in turn increasing productivity, decreasing scrap, pushing for quality and on time delivery – while being able to track improvements. Finally, organizations have changed their outlook on customer relations, by making their employees their internal customers. Employees will be used as guides for continuous improvement of processes and policies throughout the organization. This will allow the employee to form loyalty and commitment, knowing they have a say in how things work. Managers will be team leaders and coaches to new employees, meaning everyone is helping everyone else; allowing employees to embrace change. Employees with this new commitment will be more likely to be promoted from within with a wealth of company information and knowledge, helping them to renew the cycle and become better managers themselves.