Philosophy of Literature Shakespearean Tragedy

Introduction Most people will agree that there is no better way to express emotions than through poems and plays. In fact, the best ridicules, satires and ironies are expressed through writing that does not attack their victims directly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of Literature: Shakespearean Tragedy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The finest humour is also expressed through writing and this explains why most comic movies must be scripted before being staged (Feagin 102). Othello is a true reflection of the above accounts on how tragic incidences make heroes to be villains as discussed in this essay. Epistemological Dimensions McGinn is persuaded that all plays written by Shakespeare have tragedies punctuated by death (McGinn 188). This becomes a resemblance factor in almost all Shakespeare’s plays. For instance, Macbeth and Othello have many occasions where death occurs either as planned or due to natural interventions. The above plays are named after the protagonists in them and coincidentally they both meet tragic ends. Othello dies unexpectedly when he thinks he is almost conquering his emotions while Macbeth dies as soon as he ascends to the throne of power. In addition, almost all members of their families die shortly after or before the protagonist dies. These expressions enable readers to realise that all human beings are mortal despite their wealth, fame or power (McGinn 188). Ironically, these deaths are caused by the victims since they contribute knowingly or unknowingly to its occurrence. McGinn claims that the protagonists have a weak character that makes their life miserable at the end of the story. Othello is depicted as a racial and envious person despite his commitment and hard work. These weaknesses are to blame for the misfortunes that befall him later in the play. Therefore, a mismatch arises here when he tries to be modest yet his emotions betray him. At last he is not able to hide it and decides to kill his girlfriend. These situations make it easy to predict the outcome of events; for instance, Othello’s envy makes the audience to expect him to do something bad to any person who tries to snatch his lover.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These plays influenced by human desires to do what their minds tell them rather than what is good for their societies. There is no doubt that the lead character is out to accumulate as much wealth, fame and power as possible to protect his interests. Othello, just like Macbeth, is a selfish character who wishes to be the only one recognised by the society. People have always excelled in various activities but due to selfish interests their fame and wealth have drastically dwindled (McGinn 92). It is evident that self interest overrides all other moral personalities in individuals. Ev en though, human beings know what they are supposed to do they seldom consider this option when confronted with various challenges in life. In Othello, the commander appoints incompetent people to head various sections like when Cassio is appointed to the litigant’s position (Hume 48). Despite his young age the commander considers this young man suitable for this job. Even though, there is no direct relationship between these two it is evident that the young man is inexperienced and unprepared to manage this office. Moreover, the lead character in this play has defied all odds and created his conveniences despite moral and religious regulations. He defies traditions and marries a young lady despite pressure from the girl’s father that the two should never get married. Today, people, especially youths, think that they know more than their parents and do what they please rather than what should be done. Finally, they fail to complete their studies, contract diseases and start engaging in drug abuse. They lead miserable lives due to their unplanned actions during their teenage years. This is always a path of destruction that invites young men and women without warning them about the consequences of their actions. Betrayal is a common occurrence in normal lives and this play offers an excellent description of this case. Lago wants to make the Duke to pay for his negligence and persuades Roderigo to inform Brabantio that his daughter is married to the commander knowing very well the father never recognised their relationship (Hume 48).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of Literature: Shakespearean Tragedy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is an illustration of how people get involved in things that are not of importance to them. In addition, it is also an indication of the facts that human beings are always nosy and ready to participate in other people’s issues . It should be understood that Othello is a good commandant and his ready to go to war to defend his people just like Macbeth. However, he is an opportunist who takes advantage of all circumstances to benefit him without considering what others will experience (Feagin 77). There is a close similarity between Othello and Macbeth since they are destroyed by their selfish ambitions and blind courage. A king does not ease himself in the bush since he will be exposing his nakedness to the whole world. This saying is respected by neither Othello nor Macbeth and this leads to their failures. Moreover, people always pretend to be good despite the truth that they know each other and understand their weaknesses. In most cases, main characters are usually brought down by the same people they have trusted many years. Othello thinks Desdemona is unfaithful since she is social and outgoing. This becomes a burning issue whenever they confront each other and she is finally killed on claims that she is unfaithful. In both Macbeth and Othello suicide is inevitable since the main characters are confronted with tough situations. Othello feels guilty for killing his girlfriend and later feels remorseful about his actions (Feagin 76). However, it is necessary to note that this action is motivated by selfish interests that override reasoning. His attempts to kill Lago become futile when the later overpowers him and instead kills his friend’s wife. Craig argues that there are some metaphysical forces that cannot be overcome by human beings in trying to make life better (Craig 51). His illustration of the forces that drive Macbeth to desire to see his husband is strongly motivated by selfish interest rather than emotions. In Othello, similar illustrations occur when Othello is ordered to go to the sea to fight the invaders.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was going to be one of his toughest assignments had it not been for the Duke commanding that he goes with Desdemona (Craig 57). The pair is lucky that the invaders changed their minds or were defeated by other people. They take this opportunity to bond oblivious of the danger facing them; however, selfish interests drive the pair to destruction at the end of the play. In addition, Craig claims that fear and hope play significant role sin determining an individual’s behaviour. Macbeth was a good soldier but as soon as the witches told him of the expected response after winning the battle his reasoning came to a stand still. He started dreaming that one day he would be the king of Scotland and had the high hopes that he would attain this status (Craig 64). After confiding this information to his wife he was advised to kill his perceived competitors to eliminate opposition. This was the beginning of hopes covered with fear and resulted in various misfortunes. In fact, his h opes and fears are to blame for exposing his weaknesses and leading to tragic deaths in the play. Works Cited Craig, L. H. Of Philosophers and Kings. Political Philosophy in Shakespeare’s Macbeth  and King Lear. London: University of Toronto Press, 2001. Print. Feagin, Susan. â€Å"The Pleasure of Tragedy.† American Philosophical Quarterly 20 Apr. 1983: 95-104. Print. Hume, David. 1742. â€Å"Of Tragedy† in Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1987. Print. McGinn, Collin: Shakespeare’s Philosophy: Discovering the Meaning behind the Plays.  New York: Harper Collins, 2007. Print. This essay on Philosophy of Literature: Shakespearean Tragedy was written and submitted by user Maya D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

why sethes children arent hers essays

why sethes children arent hers essays Why Sethes children werent hers "It is the ultimate gesture of a loving mother. It is the outrageous claim of a slave". These are the words that Toni Morrison used to describe the actions of the central character within the novel, Beloved. That character, Sethe, is presented as a former slave woman who chooses to kill her baby girl rather than allowing her to be exposed to the physically, emotionally, and spiritually oppressive horrors of a life spent in slavery. Sethe's action is indisputable: She has killed her child. Sethe's motivation is not so clearly defined. By killing her "Beloved" child, has Sethe acted out of true love or selfish pride? The fact that Sethe's act is irrational can easily be decided upon. Does Sethe kill her baby girl because she wants to save the baby from slavery or does Sethe end her daughter's life because of a selfish refusal to reenter a life of slavery? By examining the complexities of Sethe's character it can be said that she is a woman who chooses to love her children but not hers elf. Sethe kills her baby because, in Sethe's mind, her children are the only good and pure part of who she is and must be protected from the cruelty and the "dirtiness" of slavery. In this respect, her act is that of love for her children. Throughout Beloved, Sethe's character consistently displays the duplistic nature of her actions. Not long after Sethe's reunion with Paul D. she describes her reaction to School Teacher's arrival. Sethe's words suggest that she has made a moral stand by her refusal to allow herself and her children to be dragged back into the evil of slavery. From the beginning, it is clear that Sethe believes that her actions were morally justified. The peculiarity of her statement lies in her omission of the horrifying fact that her moral stand was based upon the murder of her child. By not even approaching the subject of her daughter's death, it is also made clear that Sethe has detache ...

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Analysis and Interpretation - Statistics Project Example The independent variable of the study is â€Å"attending religious services† while the dependent variable is â€Å"political views†. The study mainly duels on correlation and regression for data analysis. The correlation coefficient is important in showing whether and how strongly religious service attendance and political views are related. Because the study is linear in nature, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is necessary to measure the direction and strength of the linear relationship between religious service attendance and political views. The value of Pearson’s correlation coefficient is influenced by the distribution of the independent (attending religious services) variable in the sample. The descriptive results show that the mean and the standard deviation of the study are 4.19 and 1.404 respectively. The sample size for the study is 703. Taking 95% confidence interval, DF1 and DF2 are 8 and 694 respectively. This shows the difference of means between the groups with a significant level of 0.05. The p-value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least extreme as the one that was actually observed (Cronk, 2008). The p-value of the study is 0.01 at 95% confidence interval. The error term of the study is the mean square=1.853 with the harmonic mean sample size of 66.899. The harmonic mean is used in the study because the group sizes are not equal. The harmonic mean result shows that 66 out of 703 of the people interviewed attend religious services several times in a year. The confidence interval of the study is 95%. This shows that there is 95% confidence that the real value is within the calculated interval (mean). The Pearson correlation coefficient is 1. This means that there is a strong positive correlation between religious services and political views. The correlation coefficients across all the age groups also show positive results.  

The Development Of The Mobile Phone English Language Essay

The Development Of The Mobile Phone English Language Essay A mobile phone is a portable electronic device for communication purposes; it offers the user to carry mobile any where the mobile has network coverage. [1] The development of mobile phone is huge in technology and usage. Mobile phone have made the whole communication comes into our hand and helps user for easy use. There are many firms involved in production of mobile phones, some of the important producers are Nokia, Motorola, Samsung, Blackberry and etc., the following headings discuss about the mobile phone origin, evolution and future of the mobile phone. Origin of Mobile Phone: As of much of last century radio telephony was used what we now refer as mobile phone or cell phone. The first mobile phone was invented in 1973, even though the concept of the cellular networks where understood in 1940s. [1] Telephone a dream invention of human has been easily taken off by the mobile phone. Mobile gives us free to carry anywhere but the landline telephones lacks. Mobile is a modern communication device which can be used for calling a person on other end, SMS, Video calling, browsing and many more applications. Earlier mobile phones will be big and cant be carried in packet and at the same time it wont offers many applications, so a development or improvement of mobile phone is highly needed. And the development came in a very quick time. Mobile Phone Evolution: The first mobile phone was very heavy and too big to carry, but the mobiles have a good growth that they have been now very small and they are up to feather touch. Mobile phone evolution has been very quick because of need of users, mobile development have been very much influenced by their manufactures. The major production of mobiles has been shared between Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, blackberry, apple and etc. The competition between these manufactures makes the mobile phone technology to grow very higher, so mobiles with advanced technology evolved; they were user friendly with many options and applications. More the advanced in mobile technology more they increase in numbers. Due to its mobility, mobile usage has been increasing very much day by day. In next ten years or so the usage of mobile phones will be unavoidable and every individual in the world tries having one for them. Evolution[5] Development of Mobile phone: This can be viewed as mobile generations. There are three generations namely 1G, 2G and 3G. The first generation mobiles are analogue one, second are digital and the third generation mobiles gives us multimedia communication. ITU refers IMT 2000 as definition of 3G. The advanced researechof IMT being studied by ITU which is known as fourth generation. [2] Half the worlds 6.5 billion people now use a mobile (up from Two billion just two years ago).[3] The growth of the mobile also depends on the softwares used in it, at present there are many OS are being employed for development of mobile. A statistics showing the market share of softwares. Symbian OS had a 46.6% share of the smart mobile devices shipped in third quarter of 2008, with Apple having 17.3% (through iPhone OS), RIM having 15.3% and Microsoft having 13.5% (through Windows CE and Windows Mobile) Other competitors include Palm OS, Qualcomms BREW, Google Android, SavaJe, Linux and MontaVista Software. [4] The usage of mobile increased in early 2000, because of decrease in rates of mobile and offers from the network providers and various attracting models Mobile phone usages: At the initial stage mobiles were used only for communication purposes, but later they were improved to provide some applications like games calculator. Further on they were enhanced to support internet (browsing) and many applications which are implemented using internet. Mobile phone along with calling purposes they also used for sending the text messages which is a easier and trustful way of sending messages. SMS is also cheap when compared to calling charges, the below graph shows the SMS usage worldwide from January 2000 to may 2002. Even SMS have played an role among young customers to buy mobiles and so increase in mobile usage. SMS Usage world wide Future mobile phone: Ever since from the invention of the mobile phone, development was very massive. Taking that into consideration the future of mobiles will be a tremendous one. I believe future of the mobile phone can be viewed in two ways i.e. technology and increase in no of users. Already numbers of users of mobile are in millions; in next ten years nearly every individual in developed and developing countries will have mobile phones. [6] Modern mobile phone [7] In the technology side development of mobile will be unimagined, because at present mobiles are changing to touch and GPRS phones. The development will be that the mobile phones can turn into minicomputer with enhanced options and I personally believe instead of touching or pressing buttons in mobiles can be developed wholly to usage of voice signals ie., the mobile can be operated with the help of users voice. So mobile will be more effective and more easy to use. Mobile phone now exits will go through a huge change in the next ten years, they will be advanced with many applications to support. In short mobile be replacing landline phones computers and be a more sophisticated smart phone. I think mobile phone will help the future even to control the satellite and will even help them to gather information about any thing in short we can we can gather information about pin to car. Conclusion: It is clearly evident from our real life that mobile phone is turning into our basic needs, so life without mobile will be hard to imagine. Even its development in the future is also unimaginable; mobile phone will turn into a electronic device that helps a man live his/her everyday life. In future I think according to my research we can control any thing from mobile from car to computer. Bibilograpy: [1] A. Gow, Richard K. Smith Mobile and Wireless Communications: an introduction chapter 3: going mobile [2] International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) Cellular and Broadband Access for the 21st Century Michael H Callendar C.Eng. M.I.E.E (Past Chairman of ITU-R Task Group 8/1) [3] Daniel Miller, mobile phones and developments Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW, UK September 2007 [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_OS#cite_ref-4 [5] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mobile_phone_evolution.jpg [6] Jon Agar, Constant Touch: A Brief History of the Mobile Phone [7] http://business2press.com/img/lg-winmo-65-gm730.png

Comparing Individuality and Transcendence in Wordsworth, Tennyson, and

Individuality and Transcendence in Wordsworth, Tennyson, and Joyce      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The development of the scientific method started a revolution in thought   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that changed how people viewed the world. Scientists tested theories by   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   creating experiments and carefully observing the results. The importance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of scientific discoveries raised questions about the role of the observer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     According to Ralph Koster, the importance of observation in science led to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the rise of the individual and an awareness of subjectivity. Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   realized that the individual could determine the outcome of an experiment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and that people could interpret events differently depending on prior   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   experience.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to changing the role of the individual, science also changed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   people's views on religion. By contemplating experimental results,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   scientists created rules for how the universe operated. Nature became a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   knowable force that scientists described in a logical collection of laws.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, science took away much of the world's mystery and changed how people   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   viewed God. If the universe operated by rules, it wasn't necessary for God   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to be involved every moment. God became a clockmaker who started the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   universe and sat back to let it run.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rise of individuality and changing views on religion resulted in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   insecurity and isolation. Before the Romantic era, achieving oneness was   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   often thought of as an act of grace given in mysterious moments. God was   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ineffable, but just. Because science encouraged the clockmaker view of ... ...nity. He embraces it all in a unique   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   vision. Amazingly, in this total embrace, he recovers mystery lost in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   modern civilization.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Joyce, James. "The Dead." The Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     M.H. Abrams. New York: WW Norton, 2000. 2240-68.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Koster, Ralph. "Seeking the Beyond" 29 March 3003.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.legendmud.org/Ralph/papers/transcendence.html      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wordsworth, William. "Preface to Lyrical Ballads." The Norton Anthology   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: WW Norton, 2000. 238-50      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wordsworth, William. "Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey." The   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: WW Norton,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2000. 235-237.